• Faculty Member
  • Scholarly Writings

Prof. John Dugard

Mr. John Dugard
Professor of International Law
Department of Public Law
Faculty of Law, Leiden University

Biography Biography in PDF

Historic Archives


Lecture Series



Scholarly Writings

Publications of Prof. Christopher John Dugard

Books
The South West Africa/Namibia dispute University of California Press (1973)
Introduction to criminal procedure Juta and Co Ltd (1977)
Human rights and the South African legal order Princeton University Press (1978)
Recognition and the United Nations Grotius Publications (1987)
The last years of apartheid. Civil liberties in South Africa (with Haysom and Marcus)
South Africa Update Series Ford Foundation – Foreign Policy Association (1992)
International law - A South African perspective 3rd edition Juta and Co Ltd (2005)

UN Reports
Diplomatic Protection
First Report on Diplomatic Protection, General Assembly Official Records (GAOR) International Law Commission (ILC) 52nd Session 2000 A/CN 4/506; A/CN 4/506 Addendum 1
Second Report on Diplomatic Protection GAOR ILC 53rd Session 2001 A/CN 4/514
Third Report on Diplomatic Protection GAOR 54th Session 2002 A/CN/523;
Addendum 1 A/CN/523/Add 1
Fourth Report on Diplomatic Protection GAOR 55th Session 2003 A/CN 4/530
A/CN 4/530 Add 1
Fifth Report on Diplomatic Protection GAOR 56th Session 2004 A/CN 4/538
Sixth Report on Diplomatic Protection GAOR 57th Session 2005 A/CN 4/546

Occupied Palestinian Territory
Report of the Human Rights Inquiry Commission established pursuant to UN Commission on Human Rights resolution S-51/1 of 19 Oct 2000 to investigate violations of human rights and humanitarian law in the Occupied Palestinian Territories after 28 September 2000. Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights E/CN 4/2001/121 of 16 March 2001
Report on Question of the Violation of Human Rights in the Occupied Arab Territories, including Palestine GAOR 56th Session A/56/440 of 4 October 2001
Report on Question of the Violation of Human Rights in the Occupied Arab Territories, including Palestine ECOSOC Commission on Human Rights E/CN/4/2002/32
Report on Israeli Practices affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People in the Occupied Palestinian Territory GAOR 60th Session A/60/271 of 18 August 2005
Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories occupied by Israel since 1967 ECOSOC Commission on Human Rights E/CN 4/2006/029 of 22 December 2005.

Edited books
Rights and constitutionalism. The new South African legal order Van Wyk, Dugard, de Villiers and Davis (eds) Juta and Co Cape Town (1994). Reprinted by Clarendon Press Oxford (1996)
International criminal law and procedure Dugard and Van den Wyngaert (eds). Dartmouth Aldershot UK (1996)
Documents on international law. Handbook for law students and constitutional lawyers Mtshaulana, Dugard and Botha (eds).Juta and Co Cape Town (1996)

Publications on international law
Articles in Scholarly Journals
“Objections to the revision of the 1962 judgment of the International Court of Justice in the South West Africa cases” (1965) 82 South African Law Journal178-191
“The legal effect of United Nations Resolutions on Apartheid” (1966) 83 South African Law Journal 44-59.
“South West Africa cases, second phase, 1966” (1966) 83 South African Law Journal 429-460
“The Organization of African Unity and Colonialism: An enquiry into the plea of self-defence as a justification for the use of force in the eradication of colonialism” (1967) 16 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 157-190
“The revocation of the mandate for South West Africa” (1968) 62 American Journal of International Law 78-97
“The Simonstown Agreement : South Africa, Britain and the United Nations” (1968) 85 South African Law Journal 142-156
“South West Africa and the supremacy of the South African parliament” (1969) 86 South African Law Journal 194-201
“South West Africa and the “Terrorist Trial”” (1970) 64 American Journal of International Law 9-41
“Naciones Unidas, derechos humanos y el “apartheid”” (1970) 11 Foro International (Mexico) 286-307
“The Opinion on South West Africa (Namibia): The teleologists triumph” (1971) 88 South African Law Journal 460-477
“Namibia (South West Africa): The court”s opinion, South Africa”s response and prospects for the future” (1972) 11 Columbia Journal of International Law 14-49
“International terrorism : Problems of definition” (1974) 50 International Affairs 67-81
“Towards the definition of international terrorism” 1973 Proceedings of the American Society of International Law 94-100
The Nuclear Tests cases and the South West Africa cases: Some realism about the international judicial decision” (1976) 16 Virginia Journal of International Law 463-504
“SWAPO: The Jus ad Bellum and the Jus in Bello” (1976) 93 South African Law Journal 144-158.
“International Terrorism and the just war” (1977) 2 Stanford Journal of International Studies 21-37
“South Africa”s “independent” homelands: An exercise in denationalization” (1980)
Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 11-36
“Silence is not golden” (1982) 46 Foreign Policy (Washington DC) 37-48
“Grotius, the jurist and international lawyer: Four hundred years on” (1983) 100 South African Law Journal 213-220.
“The application of customary international law affecting human rights” 1982 Proceedings of the American Society of International Law 245-251.
“The denationalization of black South Africans in pursuance of apartheid” (1984) 33 International Commission of Jurists Review 49-60
“Israel and the international community: The legal debate” (1984) 10 South African Yearbook of International Law 35-55
“The conflict between international law and South African law: Another divisive factor in South African society” (1986) 2 South African Journal on Human Rights 1-28
“Permissible Measures and obligations for outside states and internal peoples towards minority rule in South Africa” 1986 Proceedings of the American Society of International Law 314-317
“Human rights, humanitarian law and the South African conflict” (1988) 2 Harvard Human Rights Yearbook 101-110
“Walvis Bay and international law: Reflections on a recent study” Review article of Lynn Berat Walvis Bay (1991) 108 South African Law Journal 82-92
“The role of international law in the struggle for liberation in South Africa” (1991)
Social Justice (USA) 83-94
“Secession : Is the case of Yugoslavia a precedent for Africa?” (1993) 5 African Journal of International and Comparative Law 63-75
“The role of international law in interpreting the bill of rights” (1994) 10 South African Journal on Human Rights 208-215
“International law and the “final” Constitution” (1995) 11 South African Journal on Human Rights 241-251
“The influence of international human rights law on the South African Constitution” (1996) 49 Current Legal Problems 305-324
“1996 and all that. The South West African judgment revisited in the East Timor case” (1996) 8 African Journal of International and Comparative Law 549-563
“International Law and the South African Constitution” (1997) 8 European Journal of International Law 77-92
“Obstacles in the way of an international Criminal Court” (1997) 56 Cambridge Law Journal 329-342
“Is the Truth and Reconciliation Process compatible with international law? An unanswered question. Azapo v President of Republic of South Africa” 1997 (13) South African Journal on Human Rights 258-268
“Bridging the gap between human rights and humanitarian law: The punishment of offenders” (1998) 38/324 International Review of the Red Cross 445-453
“The South African judiciary and international law in the apartheid era” (1998) 14 South African Journal on Human Rights 110-126
“Reconciling extradition with human rights” (1998) 92 American Journal of International Law 187-212 (co-authored with Van den Wyngaert)
“Reconciliation and justice: The South African experience” (1998) 8 Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems 277-311
“How effective is the International Law Commission in the development of international law?” (1998) 23 South African Yearbook of International Law 34-44
“War crimes in internal conflicts” (1998) 28 Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 91-96
“Dealing with crimes of a past regime: Is amnesty still an option?” (1999) 12 Leiden Journal of International Law 1001-1015
“Africa and international criminal law” 2000 Proceedings of the American Society of International Law 229-231
“Diplomatic protection and human rights: The draft articles of the international Law Commission” (2005) 24 Australian Yearbook of International Law 75-91
“Immunity, human rights and international crimes” (2005) Journal of South African Law (Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg) 482-488
Shorter Comments in Scholarly Journals
“Succession to federal treaties on the dissolution of a federation” (1965) 82 South African Law Journal 430-437
“Consular immunity” (1966) 83 South African Law Journal 126-132
“Succession to federal treaties revisited” (1967) 84 South African Law Journal 250-254
“The treaty-making process” (1968) 85 South African Law Journal 1-4
“The Extradition Agreement between South Africa and Swaziland” (1969) 86 South African Law Journal 88-92
“International law is part of our law” (1971) 88 South African Law Journal 13-15
“Rhodesia. Does South Africa recognise it as an independent state?” (1977) 94 South African Law Journal 127-130
“International law in South Africa: The restrictive approach to sovereign immunity approved” (1980) 97 South African Law Journal 357-363
“South African report” (1981) 14/April International Practitioner”s Notebook
“Jurisdiction over persons on board an aircraft landing in distress” (1981) 30 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 901-905
“Denationalization: Apartheid”s ultimate plan” (1983) 28 Africa Report (African American Institute New York) 43-46
“Educating South Africans for an independent Namibia” (1985) 15 South Africa International 129-132
“The Revocation of the Mandate for Namibia revisited” (1985) 1 South African Journal on Human Rights 154-159
“Soldiers or terrorists? The ANC and SADF compared” (1988) 4 South African Journal on Human Rights 221-4
“Abduction: Does the Appellate Division care about international law?” (1997) 12 South African Journal on Human Rights 324-328
Chapters in books and monographs
“Legal aspects of investment in Namibia” in Murray, Morris, Dugard and Rubin The role of foreign firms in Namibia Study Project on External Investment in South Africa and Namibia (South West Africa) Africa Publications Trust (1974)
South West Africa and the International Court. Two viewpoints on the 1971 opinion Dugard and Grosskopf. South African Institute of International Affairs (1974)
Namibia and Human Rights South African Institute of International Affairs (1976)
Independent Homelands. Failure of a fiction South African Institute of Race Relations (1979)
“The “purist” legal method, international law and sovereign immunity” in Gauntlett (ed) J C Noster ”n Feesbundel Butterworths (1979)
“A satellite arrangement?” in Breytenbach (ed) The constellation of states South African Foundation (1980)
“International terrorism and the just war” in Rapoport and Alexander (eds) The morality of terrorism Columbia University Press (2 ed 1989)
“International human rights norms in domestic courts. Can South Africa learn from Britain and the United States?” in Kahn (ed) Fiat Justitia. Essays in memory of Oliver Deneys Schreiner (1983)
The denationalization of black South Africans in pursuance of apartheid: A question for the International Court of Justice? Occasional Paper No 8 Centre for Applied Legal Studies University of the Witwatersrand (1984)
“The responsibility of the legal profession” in Cohen and Gouin (eds) Lawyers and the nuclear debate University of Ottawa Press (1988)
“Sanctions against South Africa: An international law perspective” in Orkin (ed) Sanctions against apartheid (1989)
“The place of public international law in South African law” in Visser (ed) Essays in honour of Ellison Kahn Visser (1989)
“Enforcement of human rights in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip” in Playfair (ed) International law and the administration of occupied territories (1992)
“The treatment of rebels in conflicts of a disputed character: The Anglo-Boer War and the “ANC-Boer War” compared” in Delissen and Tanya (eds) Humanitarian law of armed conflict. Challenges ahead. Essays in honour of Frits Kalshoven Martinus Nijhoff (1991)
“Apartheid: A case study in the response of the international community to gross violations of human rights” in Cotler and Eliadis (eds) International human rights aw. Theory and practice Canadian Human Rights Foundation (1992)
“International human rights” in Van Wyk, Dugard, De Villiers and Davis (eds) Rights and constitutionalism Juta (1994)
“Public international law” in Chaskalson, Kentridge, Klaaren, Marcus, Spitz and Woolman (eds) Constitutional law of South Africa Juta (1996)
“Retrospective justice: International law and the South African model” in McAdam (ed) Transitional justice and the rule of law in new democracies University of Notre Dame Press (1997)
“Collective non-recognition: The failure of South Africa”s Bantustan states” in Boutros-Boutros Ghali. Amicorum Discipulorumque Liber (1998)
“Terrorism and international law: Consensus at last?” in Yakpo and Boumedra (eds) Liber Amicorum: Mohammed Bedjaoui (1999) 159-172.
“Reconciliation and justice: The South African experience” in Burns, Weston and Marks (eds) The future of international human rights Transnational Publishers (1999) 399-432.
“The role of human rights standards in domestic law: The Southern African experience” in Alston and Crawford (eds) The future of UN human rights treaty monitoring Cambridge University Press (2000)
“L”Apartheid” in Ascensio, Decaux and Pellet (eds) Droit International Penal A Pedone (2000)
“Judicial review of sanctions” in Gowlland-Debbas (ed) United Nations sanctions and international law Kluwer (2001)
“Judicial review in public international law” in Scharge (ed) Judicial review Nijmegen: Ars Aequi Libri (2002) )Paul Scholten Instituut, University of Amsterdam ISBN 90-6916-456-6
“Possible conflicts of jurisdiction with truth commissions” in Cassese, Gaeta and Jones (eds) The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A commentary  (2002)
“Non-applicability of Statute of Limitations” (with Van den Wyngaert) in Cassese, Gaeta and Jones (eds) The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A commentary (2002)
“The problem of the definition of terrorism in international law” in Eden and O”Donnell (eds) September 11, 2001. A turning point in international and Domestic law (2005) Ardsley NY Transnational Publishers ISBN 1-57105-326-3
“The role of recognition in the law and practice of secession” (with Raic) in Kohen (ed) Succession: International law perspectives (2005)
Articles 13-15 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice“ in Zimmerman and Tomuschat (eds) Commentary on the Statute of the International Court o Justice Oxford University Press (2006)
“Diplomatic protection” in Crawford (ed) State responsibility Cambridge University Press (2006)
Jurisprudence, human rights and criminal procedure
Articles in scholarly journals
“The judicial process, positivism and civil liberty” (1971) 88 South African Law Journal 181-200
“Academic freedom in South Africa” (1970) 3 Droits de l”homme 186-194
“The political trial: Some special considerations” (1974) 95 South African Law Journal 59-72
“Statutory interpretation as an exercise in choice” (1978) 95 South African Law Journal pp 451-454
“Some realism about the judicial process and positivism” (1981) 98 South African Law Journal 372-387
“Chief Justice versus President: Does the ghost of Brown v Leyds NO still haunt our judges?” (1981) 165 De Rebus 421-422
“Judges and unjust laws” (1981) 22/2 Codicillus 50-55
“The judiciary and national security” (1982) 99 South African Law Journal 655-659
“A triumph for executive power – an examination of the Rabie report and the Internal Security Act 74 of 1982” (1982) 99 South African Law Journal 589-604
“Using the law to pervert justice” (1983) 11/2 Human Rights (American Bar Association) 22-25, 50-54.
“Should judges resign? – a reply to professor Wacks” (1984) 101 South African Law Journal 286-294
Collective cabinet responsibility and human rights” (1985) 1 South African Journal on Human Rights 52-54
“The jurisprudential foundations of the apartheid legal order” (1986) 28 The Philosophical Forum (USA) 115-123
“A Bill of Rights for South Africa: Can the leopard change its spots?” (1986) 2 South African Journal on Human Rights 275-77
“The judiciary in a state of national crisis – with special reference to the South African experience” (1987) 44 Washington and Lee Law Review 477-501
“The quest for a liberal democracy in South Africa” (1987) Acta Juridica 237-58 (Also published separately in Law under stress).
“Towards a democratic order for South Africa” (1990) 2 African Journal of International and Comparative Law 361-383
“A Bill of Rights for South Africa?” (1990) 23 Cornell International Law Journal 441-466
“Towards Genuine democracy in conflict ridden countries: A South African perspective” (1991) 1 Beyond Law (Mas Alla del Derecho Colombia) 65-76.
“Human rights, apartheid and lawyers. Are there any lessons for lawyers from common law countries?” (1992) 15 University of New South Wales Law Journal 439-447.
Chapters in books and monographs
“The legal framework of apartheid” in Rhoodie (ed) South African dialogue McGraw-Hill (1972)
“South African lawyers and the liberal heritage of the law” in Law, justice and society Report of the Legal Commission of the Study Project on Christianity in Apartheid Society (SPRO-CAS)
“A review of South African legal education” in Legal aid in South Africa University of Natal (1973)
“Racial legislation and civil rights” in Hellman and Lever (eds) Conflict and progress. Fifty years of race relations in South Africa (1979)
“Human rights in South Africa – retrospect and prospect” in Forsyth and Schiller (eds) Human rights: The Cape Town Conference (1979)
“Political options for South Africa and implications for the west” in Rothberg and Barratt (eds) Conflict and compromise (1980)
“Judicial power and a constitutional court” in Boulle and Baxter (eds) Natal and Kwa-Zulu constitutional and political options (1981)
“The judiciary and constitutional change” in Van Vuuren and Kriek (eds) Political alternatives for Southern Africa (1983)
“The South African Constitution 1910-1980” Our legal heritage (1982).
“The judiciary and national security” in Bell and Mackie (eds) Detention and security legislation in South Africa (1985)
“Human rights and the rule of law” in Butler, Elphick and Welsh Democratic liberalism in South Africa. Its history and prospect (1987)
“Changing attitudes towards a bill of rights” in Van der Westhuizen and Viljoen (eds) A Bill of Rights for South Africa (1988)
“Towards racial justice in South Africa” in Henkin and Rosenthal (eds) Constitutionalism and rights. The influence of the US Constitution abroad (1990)
“Helen Suzman” in Salokar and Volcansek (eds) Women in law. A biobibliographical sourcebook (1996)