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Environmental Law
Climate Change
Climate Change and the Protection of the Ocean
A. Legal Instruments
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Montego Bay, 10 December 1982, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, p. 3. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 16 September 1987, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1522, p. 3. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York, 9 May 1992, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, p. 107. Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, New York, 4 August 1995, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2167, p. 3. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto, 11 December 1997, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2303, p. 162. Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, Doha, 8 December 2012. Paris Agreement, 12 December 2015, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 3156. B. Jurisprudence
Trail smelter case (United States of America, Canada), Award of 16 April 1938 and 11 March 1941, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, vol. III, p. 1905. International Court of Justice, Corfu Channel case, Judgment of April 9th, 1949: I.C.J. Reports 1949, p. 4. International Court of Justice, Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2010, p. 14. Permanent Court of Arbitration, The South China Sea Arbitration (The Republic of the Philippines v. The People’s Republic of China), PCA Case No. 2013-19, Award, 12 July 2016. C. Documents
General Assembly, First Committee, Verbatim records of meeting 1515 of the twenty-second session, held on 1 November 1967 (A/C.1/PV.1515). General Assembly, Provisional verbatim records of the thirty-fifth meeting, held on 24 October 1988 (A/43/PV.35). Report of the Conference of the Parties on its nineteenth session, para. 44 (Warsaw Framework for REDD-plus), Warsaw, 11 to 23 November 2013 (FCCC/CP/2013/10). General Assembly resolution 68/70 of 9 December 2013 (Oceans and the law of the sea). United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), 2014. Report on the structured expert dialogue on the 2013–2015 review, Bonn, 1-11 June 2015 (FCCC/SB/2015/INF.1). General Assembly resolution 72/249 of 24 December 2017 (International legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction). Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC), 2019. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, How does climate change affect coral reefs?, National Ocean Service website (last updated 26 February 2021). D. Doctrine
T.P. Hughes, J.T. Kerry, A.H. Baird et al., “Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages”, Nature, 18 April 2018, pp. 556, 492–496. |
