Codification Division Publications: United Nations Juridical Yearbook Codification Division Publications: United Nations Juridical Yearbook

2008

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Part One. Legal status of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations

Chapter I. Legislative texts concerning the legal status of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations View PDF file
A. Switzerland  
  1. Federal Act on the Privileges, Immunities and Facilities and the Financial Subsidies granted by Switzerland as a Host State (Host State Act (HSA)) of 22 June 2007 3
  2. Ordinance to the Federal Act on the Privileges, Immunities and Facilities and the Financial Subsidies granted by Switzerland as a Host State (Host State Ordinance (HSO)) of 7 December 2007 13
B. Nicaragua  
  1. Act No. 641 Criminal Code of Nicaragua (Extracts), 16 November 2007 26
Chapter II. Treaties concerning the legal status of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations View PDF file
A. Treaties concerning the legal status of the United Nations  
  1. Status of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations. Approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 13 February 1946 27
  2. Agreements relating to missions, offices and meetings  
    (a) Supplementary Agreement to the Agreement between the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Government of Chile, signed on 16 February 1953. Santiago, 28 December 2007 27
    (b) Status-of-Forces Agreement between the Republic of Cyprus and the United Nations in connection with the support, supplementation and enhancement of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon. New York, 25 February 2008 30
    (c) Exchange of letters constituting an agreement between the United Nations and the Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho regarding the hosting of “Workshop on Household Surveys and Measurement of Labor Force with Focus on Informal Economy”. New York, 4 March 2008 and 2 April 2008 40
    (d) Agreement between the United Nations and the Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands relating to the establishment in Fiji of the Pacific operations centre of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, 12 May 2008 43
    (e) Exchange of letters constituting an agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Brazil regarding the hosting of the Workshop on “Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons”. New York, 20 May 2008 and 10 June 2008 50
    (f) Exchange of letters constituting an agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Ecuador regarding the hosting of the “Regional Workshop on Bank of the South”. New York, 11 June 2008 and 16 June 2008 54
    (g) Exchange of letters constituting an agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Finland regarding the hosting of the “Expert Group Meeting on Promoting Social Integration”. New York, 2 and 3 July 2008 58
    (h) Agreement between the United Nations and the Government of the Republic of India regarding the arrangements for the 2008 Internet Governance Forum Meeting. Geneva, 17 November 2008 61
    (i) Agreement between the Government of Nepal and the United Nations concerning the status of the United Nations Mission in Nepal. Kathmandu, 5 December 2008 66
B. Treaties concerning the legal status of intergovernmental organizations related to the United Nations  
  1. Status of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies. Approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 21 November 1947 79
  2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  
      Agreement based on standard “Memorandum of responsibilities” in respect of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) sessions 80
  3. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 80
  4. United Nations Industrial Development Organization  
    (a) Memorandum of Understanding between the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the Andean Community General Secretariat (SGCAN). 26 February and 13 May 2008 81
    (b) Letter of Agreement between the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) concerning the project US/VIE/08/004 “Post WTO accession support to Viet Nam – TBT/SPS compliance capacity development related to key export sectors.” 23 June 2008 82
    (c) Memorandum of Understanding between the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture of China on Implementation of Outcome 2.1 of the Spanish MDG Achievement Fund – Heat-Recovery in the Coal-Gangue Brick Sector. 14 and 22 July 2008 82
    (d) Framework Agreement on the Standards and Trade Development Facility between the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 19 November 2008 82
    (e) General Conditions applicable to European Community contribution agreements with international organisations 82

Part Two. Legal activities of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations

Chapter III. General review of the legal activities of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations View PDF file
A. General review of the legal activities of the United Nations  
  1. Membership of the United Nations 87
  2. Peace and security  
    (a) Peacekeeping missions and operations 87
    (b) Political and peacebuilding missions 93
    (c) Other peacekeeping matters 100
    (d) Action of Member States authorized by the Security Council 101
    (e) Sanctions imposed under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations 103
    (f) Terrorism 105
    (g) Piracy 108
    (h) Human rights and humanitarian questions considered by the Security Council 110
    (i) Missions of the Security Council 110
  3. Disarmament and related matters  
    (a) Disarmament machinery 113
    (b) Nuclear disarmament and non-proliferations issues 114
    (c) Biological and chemical weapons issues 117
    (d) Conventional weapons issues 119
    (e) Regional disarmament activities of the United Nations 121
    (f) Other issues 123
  4. Legal aspects of peaceful uses of outer space  
    (a) Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space 126
    (b) General Assembly 128
  5. Human Rights  
    (a) Sessions of the United Nations human rights bodies and treaty bodies 129
    (b) Racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and all forms of discrimination 133
    (c) Right to development and poverty reduction 135
    (d) Right of peoples to self-determination 139
    (e) Economic, social and cultural rights 140
    (f) Civil and political rights 145
    (g) Rights of the child 152
    (h) Migrants 154
    (i) Internally displaced persons 155
    (j) Minorities 155
    (k) Indigenous issues 155
    (l) Terrorism and human rights 156
    (m) Promotion and protection of human rights 157
    (n) Persons with disabilities 159
    (o) Contemporary forms of slavery 160
    (p) Miscellaneous 161
  6. Women  
    (a) Commission on the Status of Women 162
    (b) General Assembly 163
  7. Humanitarian matters  
    (a) Economic and Social Council 165
    (b) General Assembly 165
  8. Environment
    (a) Economic and Social Council 167
    (b) General Assembly 167
  9. Law of the Sea  
    (a) Reports of the Secretary-General 169
    (b) Consideration by the General Assembly 172
    (c) Piracy and armed robberies against ships off the coast of Somalia 174
  10. Crime prevention and criminal justice  
    (a) Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice 175
    (b) Economic and Social Council 175
    (c) General Assembly 177
  11. International drug control  
    (a) Commission on Narcotic Drugs 178
    (b) Economic and Social Council 179
    (c) General Assembly 180
  12. Refugees and displaced persons  
    (a) Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 180
    (b) United Nations Economic and Social Council 181
    (c) General Assembly 182
  13. International Court of Justice  
    (a) Organization of the Court 182
    (b) Jurisdiction of the Court 183
    (c) General Assembly 184
  14. International Law Commission  
    (a) Membership of the Commission 185
    (b) Sixtieth session of the Commission 185
    (c) Sixth Committee 187
    (d) General Assembly 188
  15. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law  
    (a) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law 188
    (b) Future work 191
    (c) General Assembly 192
  16. Legal questions dealt with by the Sixth Committee and other related subsidiary bodies of the General Assembly  
    (a) Nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States 193
    (b) Criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission 194
    (c) Status of Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Armed Conflicts 197
    (d) Consideration of effective measures to enhance the protection, security and safety of diplomatic and consular missions and representatives 198
    (e) Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization 200
    (f) The rule of law at the national and international levels 202
    (g) Measures to eliminate international terrorism 204
    (h) Revitalization of the work of the General Assembly 206
    (i) Administration of justice at the United Nations 207
    (j) Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country 209
    (k) Observer status in the General Assembly 211
  17. Ad hoc international criminal tribunals  
    (a) Organization of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) 212
    (b) General Assembly 214
    (c) Security Council 215
    (d) Amendments to the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the ICTY 216
B. General review of the legal activities of intergovernmental organizations related to the United Nations  
  1. Universal Postal Union  
    (a) Agreements 217
    (b) Legislative matters 217
  2. International Labour Organization  
    (a) Declaration and resolutions adopted by the International Labour Conference at its 97th session (Geneva, June 2008) 219
    (b) New members 220
  3. International Civil Aviation Organization  
    (a) General Work Programme of the Legal Committee 220
    (b) Working Group on Governance (Policy) 222
    (c) External relations 222
    (d) Ratification of international air law instruments 222
    (e) Settlement of disputes 223
    (f) Technical cooperation projects and initiatives 223
  4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  
    (a) Legislative matters 223
  5. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization  
    (a) International regulations 228
    (b) Human rights 228
    (c) Copyright activities 229
  6. International Maritime Organization  
    (a) Membership 230
    (b) Review of the legal activities 230
    (c) Treaties concerning international law concluded under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) 237
  7. World Health Organization  
    (a) Constitutional developments 240
    (b) Other normative developments and activities 241
    (c) Third session of the Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 244
  8. International Atomic Energy Agency  
    (a) Membership 244
    (b) Privileges and immunities 245
    (c) Legal instruments 245
    (d) Legislative assistance activities 247
    (e) Convention on Nuclear Safety 248
    (f) Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management 249
    (g) Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources and the supplementary Guidance on the Import and Export of Radioactive Sources 249
    (h) Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors 250
    (i) 1997 Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage and the 1997 Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage 250
    (j) Safeguards Agreements 251
  9. United Nations Industrial Development Organization  
    (a) Constitutional matters 251
    (b) Agreements and other arrangements concluded in 2008 251
  10. World Trade Organization  
    (a) Membership 261
    (b) Dispute settlement 262
  11. World Intellectual Property Organization  
    (a) Cooperation for development activities 264
    (b) Norm-setting activities 265
    (c) International registration activities 266
    (d) Intellectual property and global issues 268
  12. International Fund for Agricultural Development  
    (a) International Fund for Agricultural Development’s (IFAD’s) 30th Anniversary 269
    (b) Membership 270
    (c) Cooperation agreements and memoranda of understanding and other agreements 270
    (d) Others 271
  13. Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons  
    (a) Membership 272
    (b) Destruction of chemical weapons 272
    (c) Legal status, privileges and immunities and international agreements 272
    (d) Review of the Chemical Weapons Convention 273
    (e) OPCW legislative assistance activities 274
Chapter IV. Treaties concerning international law concluded under the auspices of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations View PDF file
A. Treaties concerning international law concluded under the auspices of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations  
  1. 1. Additional Protocol to the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) Concerning the Electronic Consignment Note. Geneva, 20 February 2008 277
  2. Convention on Cluster Munitions. Dublin, 30 May 2008 282
  3. Annex XVIII World Tourism Organization (WTO) to the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, 1947. Jeju, 30 July 2008 298
  4. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008 299
  5. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea. New York, 11 December 2008 307
B. Treaties concerning international law concluded under the auspices of intergovernmental organizations related to the United Nations 343
Chapter V. Decisions of Administrative Tribunals of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations View PDF file
A. Decisions of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal  
  1. Judgement No. 1382 (9 May 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 345
  2. Judgement No. 1387 (8 October 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 347
  3. Judgement No. 1388 (8 October 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 349
  4. Judgement No. 1389 (8 October 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 351
  5. Judgement No. 1390 (8 October 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 353
  6. Judgement No. 1396 (8 October 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 355
  7. Judgement No. 1402 (8 October 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 356
  8. Judgement No. 1404 (8 October 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 358
  9. Judgement No. 1412 (8 October 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 359
  10. Judgment No. 1413 (8 October 2008): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 361
  11. Judgment No. 1414 (30 January 2009): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 363
  12. Judgement No. 1426 (30 January 2009): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the United Nations 366
  13. Judgement No. 1429 (30 January 2009): Applicant v. The Secretary-General of the Untied Nations 368
B. Decisions of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization  
  1. Judgment No. 2685 (6 February 2008): A.E.-R v. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 371
  2. Judgment No. 2691 (6 February 2008): A. H. v. International Organization for Migration (IOM) 374
  3. Judgment No. 2704 (6 February 2008): A. G. S. v. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) 375
  4. Judgment No. 2706 (6 February 2008): C. C. v. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 377
  5. Judgment No. 2709 (6 February 2008): S. V. v. European Patent Organization (EPO) 380
  6. Judgment No. 2720 (9 July 2008): D. J. G. v. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 382
  7. Judgment No. 2742 (9 July 2008): M.d.R.C.e S.d.V. v. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 384
  8. Judgment No. 2757 (9 July 2008): C. P. v. the International Criminal Court (ICC) 388
C. Decisions of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal  
  1. Decision No. 378 (18 March 2008): V. v. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 391
  2. Decision No. 379 (18 March 2008): L. (No. 2) v. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 393
  3. Decision No. 380 (18 March 2008): Z. v. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 394
  4. Decision No. 384 (18 July 2008) A. A. v. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 396
D. Decisions of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Monetary Fund  
    Judgment No. 2008–1 (January 7, 2008): Mr. M. D’A. (No. 3), Applicant v. International Monetary Fund, Respondent 398
Chapter VI. Selected legal opinions of the secretariats of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations View PDF file
A. Legal opinions of the Secretariat of the United Nations  
  1. Privileges and immunities [see also: additional legal opinions]  
    (a) Note verbale to the Permanent Representative of a Member State to the United Nations on the question of taxation of salaries and emoluments paid to locally recruited officials of the United Nations system 401
    (b) Note to the Department of Peacekeeping Operations regarding criminal proceedings in relation to violent protest by former individual contractors of a United Nations Mission 404
    (c) Note verbale to the Permanent Representative of a Member State to the United Nations regarding a civil suit instituted in the Conciliation and Arbitration Board 406
    (d) Interoffice memorandum to the Secretary to the Commission and Officer-in-Charge of the General Services Section, Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), regarding new Directive on Value Added Tax in Member State 408
    (e) Interoffice memorandum to the Chief of the Field Procurement Service regarding Member State export controls on orders of communication technology products for use by United Nations Mission in the Sudan 410
    (f) Interoffice memorandum to the Director of the Accounts Division, Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts (OPPBA), regarding the obligation to pay gross receipt tax charged by energy supplier companies 412
    (g) Interoffice memorandum to the Director of the Programme Planning and Budget Division, Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts (OPPBA), regarding the Lease Agreement between the United Nations and a Member State 415
  2. Procedural and institutional issues 417
    (a) Memorandum to the Executive Secretary, Secretariat of the Basel Convention, regarding the criteria for accreditation of representatives of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to meetings of the Basel Convention 417
    (b) Interoffice memorandum to the Director of the Investment Management Service of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund (UNJSPF) regarding procurement of a securities lending programme 420
    (c) Note to the Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG) on policy considerations related to the filing of amicus curiae briefs 422
    (d) Interoffice memorandum to the Senior Legal Officer, United Nations Office in Vienna (UNOV), regarding the relationship between the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) 424
    (e) Note to the Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Director of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), regarding the autonomy of UNITAR 427
    (f) Note to the Chef de Cabinet, Executive Office of the Secretary-General, on the establishment of a commission of inquiry into the assassination of Benazir Bhutto 434
    (g) Interoffice memorandum to the Director of the Legal Support Office, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), regarding whether the UNDP Audit Advisory Committee can report to the UNDP Executive Board 437
    (h) Note to Department of Political Affairs regarding the status of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) 438
    (i) Interoffice memorandum to the Chief Executive Officer, United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund (UNJSPF), regarding the legal status of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon in view of its application for membership to UNJSPF 440
    (j) Interoffice memorandum to the Director of the Office for Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Support and Coordination, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), regarding amending financial regulations and rules of United Nations funds and programmes 441
    (k) Interoffice memorandum to the Assistant Secretary-General, Controller, regarding delegated authority for the Registrar of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon to sign contracts on behalf of the Tribunal 445
  3. Other issues relating to United Nations peacekeeping operations  
      Note to the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations regarding the difference between the relocation and the repatriation of the personnel of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) 447
  4. Personnel questions  
    (a) Interoffice memorandum to the Legal Support Office, Bureau of Management, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), regarding proposed changes to the Constitution of the UNDP/ UNFPA/UNOPS Staff Association 449
    (b) Interoffice memorandum regarding rights of staff representatives. 450
  5. Procurement  
    (a) Interoffice memorandum to the Headquarters Committee on Contracts (HCC) regarding the implementation of its recommendation in connection with financial rule 105.15(c) 453
    (b) Interoffice memorandum to the Assistant Secretary-General, Controller, regarding the proposal to suspend vendors identified in the fifth and final report of the Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil for Food Programme 456
    (c) Interoffice memorandum to the Headquarters Committee on Contracts (HCC) regarding advice on financial rule 105.15(c) 457
B. Legal opinions of the secretariats of intergovernmental organizations related to the United Nations  
  1. International Labour Organization Opinion concerning the participation by the representative of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo at the International Labour Conference 459
  2. United Nations Industrial Development Organization  
    (a) Interoffice memorandum regarding United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Headquarters Agreement – Import privileges of staff members holding a [State] residency permit 460
    (b) Interoffice memorandum regarding limitations on earnings of UNIDO retirees re-employed by the Organization 461
    (c) Interoffice memorandum regarding Government clearance of UNIDO experts sent on mission to a Member State 464
    (d) Interoffice memorandum regarding residency status 465

Part Three. Judicial decisions on questions relating to the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations

Chapter VII. Decisions and Advisory Opinions of International Tribunals View PDF file
A. International Court of Justice  
  1. Judgments 469
  2. Advisory Opinions 469
  3. Pending cases as at 31 December 2008 469
B. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea  
  1. Judgments 470
  2. Pending cases as at 31 December 2008 470
C. International Criminal Court  
    (a) Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ICC-01/04 471
    (b) Situation in Uganda ICC-02/04 472
    (c) Situation in the Central African Republic ICC-01/05 472
    (d) Situation in Darfur, the Sudan 472
D. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia  
  1. Judgments delivered by the Appeals Chamber 472
  2. Judgments delivered by the Trial Chambers 473
E. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda  
  1. Judgments delivered by the Appeals Chamber 473
  2. Judgments delivered by the Trial Chambers 474
F. Special Court for Sierra Leone  
  1. Judgments delivered by the Appeals Chamber 474
  2. Judgments delivered by the Trial Chambers 474
  3. Selected decisions of the Appeals Chamber 474
  4. Selected decisions of the Trial Chambers 475
G. Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia 475
H. Special Tribunal for Lebanon 475
Chapter VIII. Decisions of national tribunals View PDF file
  United Kingdom  
  1. England and Wales High Court (Commercial Court), London
Entico Corporation Limited, Claimant, against the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Intervener, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Defendant, Decision of 28 March 2008
477
  2. Court of Appeal (Civil Division), London
A, K, M, Q & G, Applicants/Respondents, against the H.M. Treasury, Respondent/Appellant, Decision of 30 October 2008
490

Part Four. Bibliography

Bibliography View PDF file
A. International organizations in general  
  1. General 515
  2. Particular questions 515
B. United Nations  
  1. General 516
  2. Principle organs and subsidiary bodies  
      International Court of Justice 517
      Secretariat 519
      Security Council 520
C. Intergovernmental organizations related to the United Nations  
  1. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization 525
  2. International Atomic Energy Agency 526
  3. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes 526
  4. International Civil Aviation Organization 526
  5. International Labour Organization 526
  6. International Monetary Fund 528
  7. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 528
  8. World Bank 530
  9. World Health Organization 530
  10. World Trade Organization 531
D. Other legal issues  
  1. Aviation law 534
  2. Collective security 534
  3. Commercial arbitration 535
  4. Definition of aggression 535
  5. Privileges and immunities and diplomatic relations 535
  6. Disarmament 536
  7. Environmental questions 537
  8. Financing 539
  9. Human rights 539
  10. International administrative law 545
  11. International commercial law 546
  12. International criminal law 549
  13. International economic law 551
  14. International terrorism 551
  15. International trade law 552
  16. International tribunals 553
  17. International waterways 558
  18. Intervention and humanitarian intervention 559
  19. Jurisdiction 560
  20. Law of armed conflict 560
  21. Law of the sea 561
  22. Law of treaties 564
  23. Membership and representation 564
  24. Natural resources 565
  25. Non-governmental organizations 565
  26. Outer space law 565
  27. Peaceful settlement of disputes 565
  28. Maintenance of international peace and security, including United Nations authorized operations, peacekeeping and related activities 565
  29. Political and security questions 570
  30. Progressive development and codification of international law 570
  31. Recognition of States 571
  32. Refugees and internally displaced persons 571
  33. Rule of law 571
  34. Self-defence 572
  35. State responsibility 572
  36. State sovereignty 573
  37. State succession 574
  38. Transitional justice 574
  39. Trusteeship 575
  40. Use of force 575