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Environmental Law
Sources
The Prevention Principle in International Environmental Law
A. Legal Instruments
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 16 June 1972, in Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 5-16 June 1972 (A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1), p. 3. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, 10 December 1982, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, p. 3. Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, Finland, 25 February 1991, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1989, p. 309. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York, 9 May 1992, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, p. 107. Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, 5 June 1992, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, p. 79. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, in Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 3-14 June 1992 (A/CONF.151/26/Rev.1(Vol.I)), Annex I. Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, New York, 21 May 1997, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2999, p. 77. Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus, 25 June 1998, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2161, p. 447. International Law Commission, Articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities, 2001, Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10). International Law Commission, Guidelines on the Protection of the Atmosphere, with Commentaries, 2021, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 2021, vol. II(2). Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, New York, 19 June 2023 A/CONF.232/2023/4. B. Jurisprudence
Arbitral tribunal, Trail smelter case (United States v. Canada), Awards of 16 April 1938 and 11 March 1941, United Nations, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, vol. III, pp. 1905-1982. International Court of Justice, Corfu Channel (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland v. Albania), Judgment of April 9th, 1949, I.C. J. Reports 1949, p. 4. Arbitral tribunal, Affaire du lac Lanoux (Spain v. France), Award of 16 November 1957, United Nations, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, vol. XII, p. 314. International Court of Justice, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1996, p. 226. International Court of Justice, Gabčikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1997, p. 7. Permanent Court of Arbitration, Iron Rhine Railway (Belgium v. Netherlands), Award of 24 May 2005, PCA Case No. 2003-02. International Court of Justice, Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2010, p. 14. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Responsibilities and obligations of States with respect to activities in the Area, Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2011, ITLOS Reports 2011, p. 10. Permanent Court of Arbitration, Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration (Pakistan v. India), Award of 20 December 2013, PCA Case No. 2011-01. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Request for an Advisory Opinion submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission, Advisory Opinion of 2 April 2015, ITLOS Reports 2015, p. 4. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the International Court of Justice, Certain Activities Carried Out by Nicaragua in the Border Area (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua) and Construction of a Road in Costa Rica along the San Juan River (Nicaragua v. Costa Rica), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2015, p. 665. Permanent Court of Arbitration, The South China Sea Arbitration (The Republic of the Philippines v. The People’s Republic of China), Award of 12 July 2016, PCA Case No. 2013-19. Colombia, Constitutional Court of Colombia, Judgment T-622/16, 10 November 2016. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, The Environment and Human Rights (State obligations in relation to the environment in the context of the protection and guarantee of the rights to life and to personal integrity – interpretation and scope of Articles 4(1) and 5(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-23/17, 15 November 2017. Norway, Oslo District Court, Greenpeace Nordic Association v. Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (People v Arctic Oil), Case No. 16-166674TVI-OTIR/06, 1 April 2018. International Court of Justice, Dispute over the Status and Use of the Waters of the Silala (Chile v. Bolivia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2022, p. 614.. C. Documents
General Assembly Resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962 (Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe: Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, “Findings and Recommendations with Regard to Communication ACCC/C/2013/91 Concerning Compliance by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, adopted by the Compliance Committee on 19 June 2017, ECE/MP.PP/C.1/2017/14. Human Rights Council, “Framework Principles on Human Rights and the Environment”, in Report of the Special Rapporteur on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment: Note by the Secretariat, Thirty-seventh Session of the Human Rights Council from 26 February to 23 March 2018, A/HRC/37/59, Annex. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, “Findings and Recommendations of the Implementation Committee on Compliance by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with Its Obligations under the Convention in Respect of the Hinkley Point C Nuclear Power Plant”, adopted by the Meeting of the Parties to the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context during the intermediary session from 5 to 7 February 2019, ECE/MP.EIA/2019/14. General Assembly Resolution 76/300 of 28 July 2022 (The Human Right to a Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment). D. Doctrine
S. Besson, La due diligence en droit international, Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, vol. 409, Brill, Leiden, 2021. J. Brunnée, Procedure and Substance in International Environmental Law, Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, vol. 405, Brill, Leiden, 2021. L.-A. Duvic-Paoli and J.E. Viñuales, “Principle 2: Prevention”, in J.E. Viñuales (ed.), The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development: A Commentary, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 2015, pp. 107-138. L.-A. Duvic-Paoli, The Prevention Principle in International Environmental Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2016. L.-A. Duvic-Paoli, “Fighting Plastics with Environmental Principles? The Relevance of the Prevention Principle in the Global Governance of Plastics”, AJIL Unbound, vol.114, 2020, pp. 195-199. A. Peters, H Krieger and L Kreuzer (eds.), Due Diligence in International Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2020. I. Pop, Voisinage et bon voisinage en droit international, Pedone, Paris, 1980. N. de Sadeleer, Environmental Principles - From Political Slogans to Legal Rules, 2nd ed, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2020. N. Stern, The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006. H. XUE, Transboundary Damage in International Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003. Le principe de prévention en droit international de l’environnement A. Instruments juridiques
Déclaration finale de la Conférence des Nations Unies sur l’environnement, Stockholm, 16 juin 1972, Rapport de la Conférence des Nations Unies sur l’environnement, 5-16 juin 1972 (A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1), p. 3.
u droit international, Texte des projets de directive et le préambule sur la protection de l’atmosphère et des commentaires y relatifs, 2021, Annuaire de la Commission du droit international, 2021, vol. II.(2).
B. Jurisprudence Tribunal arbitral, Affaire de la Fonderie de Trail (États-Unis c. Canada), 16 avril 1938 et 11 mars 1941, Nations Unies, Recueil des sentences arbitrales, vol. III, pp. 1905-1982.
C. Documents Résolution de l’Assemblée générale 1803 (XVII) du 14 décembre 1962 (Souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles).
D. Doctrine
S. Besson, La due diligence en droit international (Les livres de poche de l’Académie de droit international de La Haye), Brill, Leiden, 2021.
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