A. Legal Instruments

Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora, Washington, 03 March 1973, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993, p. 243.

Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals, Bonn, 23 June 1979, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1651, p. 333.

Convention on the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources, Canberra, 20 May 1980, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1329, p. 47.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, 10 December 1982, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, p.3.

Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, 5 June 1992, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, p. 79.

Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, New York, 4 August 1995, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2167, p. 3.

Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Nagoya, 29 October 2010, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 3008, p. 3.

Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, New York, 19 June 2023.

B. Jurisprudence

International Court of Justice, Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2010, p. 14.

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Request for Advisory Opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law, Advisory Opinion, 21 May 2024, ITLOS REPORTS 2024, p. 4.

Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Climate Emergency and Human Rights, Advisory Opinion of 29 May 2025, AO-32/25.

International Court of Justice, Obligations of States in respect to Climate Change, Advisory opinion of 23 July 2025.

C. Documents

General Assembly resolution 69/292 of 19 June 2015 (Development of an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction).

General Assembly resolution 72/249 of 24 December 2017 (International legal binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction).