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Ms. Samantha Besson

Ms. Samantha Besson
Professor of Public International Law and European Law
Collège de France, Paris & University of Fribourg

Biography Biography in PDF

International Law
General International Law
Due Diligence in International Law
Video | Audio
(29/6/2022, 58 minutes)
International Law
General International Law
Due Diligence in International Law
A. Legal Instruments
B. Jurisprudence

Arbitral tribunal, Alabama Claims (United States of America v. United Kingdom), Final Award of 14 September 1872, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, vol. XXIX, p. 125.

Arbitral tribunal, Frederick Wipperman Arbitration (United States of America v. Venezuela), Final Award of 2 September 1890, Recueil des arbitrages internationaux, vol. III, p. 3041.

Arbitral Tribunal, British Property in Spanish Morocco Arbitration (Spain v. United Kingdom), Final Award of 1 May 1925, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, vol. II p. 615.

Arbitral Tribunal, Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands, United States of America),  Award of 4 April 1928, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, vol. II, p. 829.

Mexico /U.S.A. General Claims Commission, William E. Chapman Arbitration (United States of America v. United Mexican States), Final Award of 24 October 1930, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, vol. IV p. 632.

Arbitral Tribunal, Trail smelter case (United States of America, Canada), Awards of 16 April 1938 and 11 March 1941, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, vol. III, p. 1905.

International Court of Justice, Corfu Channel case, Judgment of April 9th, 1949, I.C.J. Reports 1949, p. 4.

International Court of Justice, United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States of America v. Iran), Judgment of 24 May 1980, I.C.J. Reports 1980, p. 3.

International Court of Justice, Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Judgment of 27 June 1986, I.C.J. Reports 1986, p. 14.

International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, Asian Agricultural Products Ltd. (AAPL) v. Republic of Sri Lanka, Final Award of 27 June 1990, ICSID Case No. ARB/87/3.

International Court of Justice, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear WeaponsAdvisory Opinion of 8 July 1996, I.C.J. Reports 1996, p. 226.

International Court of Justice, Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), Judgment of 19 December 2005, I.C.J. Reports 2005, p. 168.

International Court of Justice, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), Judgment of 26 February 2007, I.C.J. Reports 2007, p. 43.

International Court of Justice, Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgement of 20 April 2010,  I.C.J. Reports 2010, p. 14.

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area, Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2011, ITLOS Reports 2011, p. 10.

Permanent Court of Arbitration, Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration (Pakistan v. India), Partial Award, 18 February 2013, PCA Case No. 2011-01.

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Request for an Advisory Opinion submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission, Advisory Opinion of 2 April 2015, ITLOS Reports 2015, p. 4.

International Court of Justice, Certain Activities Carried Out by Nicaragua in the Border Area (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), I.C.J. Reports 2015, p.665.

Permanent Court of Arbitration, The South China Sea Arbitration (The Republic of Philippines v. The People's Republic of China), Award of 12 July 2016, PCA Case No. 2013-19.

European Court of Human Rights, Case of Talpis v. Italy, Judgment of 2 March 2017, No. 41237/14.

International Court of Justice, Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), Judgment of 9 February 2022, I.C.J. Reports 2022, forthcoming.

C. Documents

International Law Commission, Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts with commentaries, 2001.

International Law Association, Study Group on Due Diligence in International Law, First report, Duncan French (Chair) and Tim Stephens (Rapporteur), 7 March 2014.

International Law Association, Study Group on Due Diligence in International Law, Second report, Duncan French (Chair) and Tim Stephens (Rapporteur), July 2016.

D. Doctrine

S. Besson, « La due diligence en droit international », Recueil des cours de l’Académie de droit international de La Haye, Vol. 409, Brill/Nijhoff, Leiden, Boston, 2020. English version: Due Diligence in International Law, translated by S. Knuchel, Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, Brill/Nijhoff, Leiden, Boston, 2023 (forthcoming).

J. Kulesza, Due Diligence in International Law, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden, Boston, 2016.

A. Ollino, Due Diligence Obligations under International Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2022.

A. Peters, H. Krieger and L. Kreuzer (eds.), Due Diligence in International Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2020.

R. Pisillo Mazzeschi, « Responsabilité de l’État pour violation des obligations positives relatives aux droits de l’homme », Recueil des cours de l’Académie de droit international de La Haye, Vol. 333, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden, Boston, 2008, pp. 175-506.

Société française pour le droit international (ed.), Le standard de due diligence et la responsabilité internationale: Journée d’études franco-italienne du Mans, Pedone, Paris, 2018.