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Ms. Phoebe Okowa

Ms. Phoebe Okowa
Professor of Public International Law
Department of Law
Queen Mary University of London

Law of Armed Conflict
Protection of Natural Resources
in Armed Conflict
Video | Audio
(12/11/2019, 34 minutes)

Law of Armed Conflict
Protection of Natural Resources in Armed Conflict
A. Legal Instruments

Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 (Text of the Conventions available on the website of Yale Law School’s Avalon Project).

Charter of the United Nations, San Francisco, 26 June 1945.

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, Geneva, 12 August 1949, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, p. 31.

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, Geneva, 12 August 1949, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, p. 85.

Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, p. 135.

Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, p. 287.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, New York, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171.

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, New York, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993, p. 3.

Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 16 June 1972.

Convention on the prohibition of military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques, New York, 10 December 1976, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1108, p. 151.

Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts (Protocol I), Geneva, 8 June 1977, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1125, p. 3.

Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 8 June 1977, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1125, p. 609.

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 22 March 1985, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1513, p. 293.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York, 9 May 1992, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, p. 107.  

Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, 5 June 1992, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, p. 79.

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 14 June 1992, in Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (CONF.151/26/Rev.1 (Vol. I)), Annex I. 


B. Jurisprudence

C. Documents

General Assembly resolution 37/7 of 28 October 1982 (World Charter for Nature).

Pact on Security, Stability and Development for the Great Lakes Region, International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, Nairobi, 15 December 2006.

United States of America, Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, 21 July 2010.

Security Council resolution 596 (2010) of 15 November 2010.

Security Council resolution 1952 (2010) of 29 November 2010

Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-fifth session, 6 May to 7 June and 8 July to 9 August 2013 (A/68/10, reproduced in Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 2013, vol. II (2), (A/CN.4/SER.A/2013/Add.1 (Part 2)).

OECD (2016), OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict Affected and High-Risk Areas: Third Edition, OECD Publishing, Paris.