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| Table of Contents |
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| Cover |
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| Foreword |
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| Explanatory Note |
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| Abbreviations |
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| Responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts |
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General Commentary |
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| Part One. The internationally wrongful act of a State |
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General Commentary |
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Chapter I. General principles |
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Article 1. |
Responsibility of a State for its internationally wrongful acts |
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Article 2. |
Elements of an internationally wrongful act of a State |
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Article 3. |
Characterization of an act of a State as internationally wrongful |
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Chapter II. Attribution of conduct to a state |
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General Commentary |
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Article 4. |
Conduct of organs of a State |
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Article 5. |
Conduct of persons or entities exercising elements of
governmental authority |
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Article 6. |
Conduct of organs placed at the disposal of a State
by another State |
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Article 7. |
Excess of authority or contravention of instructions |
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Article 8. |
Conduct directed or controlled by a State |
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Article 9. |
Conduct carried out in the absence or default
of the official authorities |
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Article 10. |
Conduct of an insurrectional or other movement |
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Article 11. |
Conduct acknowledged and adopted by a State as its own |
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Chapter III. Breach of an international obligation |
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General Commentary |
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Article 12. |
Existence of a breach of an international obligation |
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Article 13. |
International obligation in force for a State |
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Article 14. |
Extension in time of the breach of an international obligation |
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Article 15. |
Breach consisting of a composite act |
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Chapter IV. Responsibility of a state in connection with the act of another State |
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General Commentary |
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Article 16. |
Aid or assistance in the commission of an internationally wrongful act |
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Article 17. |
Direction and control exercised over the commission of an internationally wrongful act |
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Article 18. |
Coercion of another State |
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Article 19. |
Effect of this Chapter |
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Chapter V. Circumstances precluding wrongfulness |
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General Commentary |
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Article 20. |
Consent |
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Article 21. |
Self-defence |
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Article 22. |
Countermeasures in respect of an internationally wrongful act |
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Article 23. |
Force majeure |
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Article 24. |
Distress |
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Article 25. |
Necessity |
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Article 26. |
Compliance with peremptory norms |
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Article 27. |
Consequences of invoking a circumstance precluding
wrongfulness |
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| Part Two. Content of the international responsibility of a State |
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General Commentary |
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Chapter I. General principles |
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General Commentary |
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Article 28. |
Legal consequences of an internationally wrongful act |
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Article 29. |
Continued duty of performance |
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Article 30. |
Cessation and non-repetition |
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Article 31. |
Reparation |
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Article 32. |
Irrelevance of internal law |
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Article 33. |
Scope of international obligations set out in this Part |
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Chapter II. Reparation for injury |
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General Commentary |
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Article 34. |
Forms of reparation |
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Article 35. |
Restitution |
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Article 36. |
Compensation |
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Article 37. |
Satisfaction |
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Article 38. |
Interest |
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Article 39. |
Contribution to the injury |
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Chapter III. Serious breaches of obligations under peremptory norms of general international law |
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General Commentary |
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Article 40. |
Application of this Chapter |
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Article 41. |
Particular consequences of a serious breach of an obligation
under this Chapter |
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| Part Three. The implementation of the international responsibility of a State |
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General Commentary |
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Chapter I. Invocation of the responsibility of a state |
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General Commentary |
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Article 42. |
Invocation of responsibility by an injured State |
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Article 43. |
Notice of claim by an injured State |
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Article 44. |
Admissibility of claims |
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Article 45. |
Loss of the right to invoke responsibility |
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Article 46. |
Plurality of injured States |
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Article 47. |
Plurality of responsible States |
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Article 48. |
Invocation of responsibility by a State other than
an injured State |
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Chapter II. Countermeasures |
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General Commentary |
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Article 49. |
Object and limits of countermeasures |
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Article 50. |
Obligations not affected by countermeasures |
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Article 51. |
Proportionality |
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Article 52. |
Conditions relating to resort to countermeasures |
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Article 53. |
Termination of countermeasures |
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Article 54. |
Measures taken by States other than an injured State |
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| Part Four. General provisions |
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General Commentary |
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Article 55. |
Lex specialis |
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Article 56. |
Questions of State responsibility not regulated by
these articles |
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Article 57. |
Responsibility of an international organization |
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Article 58. |
Individual responsibility |
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Article 59. |
Charter of the United Nations |
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| ANNEX I. Text of the articles |
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| ANNEX II. Table of cases arranged according to the articles |
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| ANNEX III. Alphabetical listing of cases |
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